Category: e-waste

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Electronic Components Date Code: Like “Mama Always Said”

“My mama always said, life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get”— Forrest Gump, 1994. In the movie, Mama (played by Sally Field) uses this analogy to explain to Forrest how life is unpredictable. In reality, we do know what we’re “gonna get” when we buy a box of chocolates or any products. We also know the expiration or use-by date and when and where it was made. As important as knowing what we’re getting, we need to be able to trace back to when it was made. This information is referred to as batch code or date code.

Similarly, in electronics components, the date code indicates the manufacturing date. There is a standard published by the Electronics Components Industry Association (ECIA) that requires a four-digit date code marking on the components. Following the standard becomes impossible when the component size is shrunk to smaller than a grain of rice. According to the ECIA, the date code is marked with the four digits (YYWW); the first two digits stand for the last two digits of the year, and the last two digits are for the number of weeks. When date code marking is not possible, then it falls on the manufacturers to define the format and where customers can get that information. This results in a different format for different manufacturers. 

Why the need for traceability?

“Today, more than ever, customers require component traceability back through the supply chain to the manufacturer as part of their counterfeit prevention policies” — ECIA guidelines. The counterfeit problem has exploded in recent years due to the shortage of parts in the market as demand grows and the sophistication of the counterfeiters.    

During my years as a manufacturing engineer, part of failure and root cause analysis was to look at the date code of the components to figure out if there is a trend. Using date code information as part of the analysis, it helped to isolate the product failures due to defects during component manufacturing, during the assembly process, or inherent in the customer product design.  

“Moreover, date codes may be contributing to one of the supply chain’s biggest problems: excess or obsolete inventory,” according to Barbara Jorgensen. “Components are rarely, if ever, consumed immediately by end customers. Finished products may sit on a warehouse shelf for months or even years. Date codes can expire if components aren’t moving.” (Are Electronics Date Code Practices Obsolete?, EPSNews, August 8, 2017.)

Also, electronics components degrade over time. Some Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) companies mandate not to use any components with date codes that are older than 2 years. This is due to the solderability issue. If this catches on and guidelines are established, there will be a lot of excess inventory to be scrapped to landfill. This is conflicts with our global plan in the circular economy to prevent E-waste.  

Solving the date code problem

Perhaps advancements in technology like Blockchain will allow us to trace the component supply chain without the need to mark on the component, solving all these issues.  But for now and in the immediate future, date code is our only way to trace electronics components as they make their way through the supply chain. With the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are beginning to understand the need to collaborate with others in a sharing ecosystem — an ecosystem that allows excess components to be used efficiently rather than sitting on warehouse shelves. When excess components change hands often such that excess and obsolete inventory is eliminated, date code practices may not be important and therefore become unnecessary. 

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Surviving In the Eye of the Perfect Storm and Beyond – a procurement alternative solution for the electronics industry

COVID-19, the pandemic of the 21st Century, has brought the global supply-chain to a grinding halt for all manufacturing industries except paper products and food, beverage, and tobacco, according to ISM Report on Business, April 2020. The pandemic hit us like a freight train.

The U.S. Manufacturing PMI (Purchasing Manager’s Index) graph (below) shows the direction of the economic trends in manufacturing. The crisis sends the PMI into a vertical dive as we have never seen before. This is the result of countries having to take drastic measures to shut down their economy and require their citizens to shelter in place for months to prevent the spread. Every business along the supply chain is shutting its doors abruptly overnight.

 

 

Before the pandemic, the electronics industry had already been suffering from the shortage of components due to the explosion in technological innovations and the surge in government defense spending. Artificial intelligence, 5G, Blockchain, self-driving, and electric cars create demand for new products. To replace the outdated carrier’s fleet, the United States Department of Defense has ordered 10 new classes of super carriers, with the first carrier to be delivered and commissioned into service later this year. If you’re working in the supply chain/procurement department, you have your ‘work cut out’ for you.

As the demand exceeds the supply at the distributors, and lead times are getting longer at the component manufacturers, it creates a “toilet paper gate,” where big companies like Apple and Google are hoarding the materials. If you are a buyer working at a startup or small company, your 14-hour workday is now a norm. The materials procurement team is desperate to get the materials so they can build and ship products to their customers. They have to look into a different option to get the materials: buying from a broker in the gray market.

Risks of buying from brokers

Buying materials from brokers is like playing a game of Russian Roulette.  Every time you purchase materials from a broker, you are spinning the pistol cylinder in the hope that you don’t receive counterfeit components. Most brokers themselves don’t know where the components are coming from. There is no visibility and transparency in the gray market. It’s the wild wild west. This is why in recent years counterfeit components have become a major issue.  Besides the counterfeit risk, dealing with unknown brokers, especially from overseas, poses another issue – trust. There is simply no brokers rating system or way to know who you are dealing with. It could be some kids in Africa sending out a scam email posing as a vendor. The brokers demand payment in full before shipping out the materials. Because of these fears, buyers choose to work with a few well-known brokers.  Even this way, counterfeit materials have found their way to the buyers.

Materials shortages, long lead times, and now demand order/production disruptions due to the COVID-19 shutdown create the perfect storm for the industry.  When the pandemic crisis is over, the materials/inventory nightmare begins. Here is the irony: While you are frantically locating components to fill your shortages to meet the outgoing shipments, you also face an excess of other types of components due to minimum order quantity (MOQ) and canceling orders. These issues are not new, but the pandemic crisis magnified it 10 fold. But there is a “light at the end of the tunnel.”

One solution: sharing communities

Literally, “it takes a village” (African proverb) to solve these issues – a sharing-community for the electronics components – MOQller.com. An ecosystem that allows companies to connect and share only the materials information; the companies’ identities remain anonymous during the trading process. An easy-to-use, secured, and trusted community will prevent counterfeit materials, save you time and money, and help reduce excess-inventory for your company. Now you can locate materials to fill your shortages through others’ excess-inventory. Here are 10 more advantages of using MOQller.com over a broker:

    1. We only release your payment to the sellers after you confirm receipt of shipments.
    2. Your materials purchases will be shipped from the seller’s warehouse to MOQller. We then repackage and ship to you.
    3. Your company information will not be visible to the sellers and vice versa.
    4. You buy the materials with a shorter lead time and in smaller quantities.
    5. If you cannot locate the materials on MOQller Marketplace, send us your (wish) list to info@moqller.com. Our team will locate the materials for you. We have access to companies’ approved vendor lists, so we know who is using the same components as you.
    6. There is only a 15% fee per transaction.
    7. Sellers are encouraged to list their excess as soon as possible, so for the material you buy from them the date codes are newer and not old due to sitting in the warehouse for years.
    8. Net 30 payment option (end of 2020).
    9. You can freely buy materials at MOQ from the distributors and then list your unneeded portion of those materials on MOQller.com for sale right away.
    10. It’s free to join the MOQller community.
    11. You not only save time and money but also do good for the environment (reducing e-waste).

We built this community for you. “Every year we create 50 million tons of e-waste per year. This is equivalent in weight to 4,500 Eiffel Towers” (World Economic Forum).  Join the MOQller Sharing-Community and help create a better world.  Let’s be a part of the solution.

 

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Excess Inventory – Why don’t we talk about it?

“The first rule of fight club:  YOU DON’T TALK ABOUT FIGHT CLUB.”

“The second rule of fight club:  YOU DON’T TALK ABOUT FIGHT CLUB!”

Every time the topic of excess materials is mentioned, I am reminded of Brad Pitt’s quote from the famous 1999 movie “Fight Club.” No one wants to talk about excess because no one wants to deal with it. However, when we don’t address the problem of excess early, it actually leads to more uncomfortable conversations about this perpetual supply-chain pain point.

In my many years in the contract manufacturing industry, I have attended countless meetings with customers and upper management to discuss and debate who ultimately owns the excess-inventory created by customers’ changing demand and how we could resolve this recurring issue. The constant struggle to determine who owned the excess-inventory strained customer/supplier relations and wasted valuable time on unproductive meetings, adding to a program manager’s already long 10- to 12-hour workday.

Sometimes customers agreed to assume responsibility for the excess materials, which helped clear space in my company’s warehouse. However, the excess problem just transferred and wasn’t really resolved, because the materials were moved to the customers’ facilities, taking up valuable space. They often ended being scrapped at a later date.

Today’s excess inventory process

The current procurement process of electronic components is this: The company orders materials based on customers’ demand forecasts, uses what it needs to make the products, then stores the excess parts in the warehouse. If there is no future demand for those excess parts, those materials usually sit there. When the excess materials accumulate to the point where there is no more extra room in the warehouse and the company can no longer ignore the issue, the excess parts are often scrapped, written off, or liquidated at a fraction of their original acquisition costs. And the process repeats.

Companies that try to do the right thing to save the environment and keep electronics waste out of the landfill by selling them to brokers usually find that the cost recovery is so low that they deem it not worth the time and effort. The other problem is aging and obsolescence. Since the materials have a shelf life, other companies may not want to buy these materials at all if they are too old or obsolete.

According to EPSNews, excess and obsolete inventory is a multi-billion-dollar problem.  So why are companies ignoring this huge problem? Is it a resource allocation issue? Is it a cost-recovery issue? Is it the complex and time-consuming process of getting rid of the excess materials? There must be a viable/workable solution to eliminate or at least alleviate this perpetual supply chain pain point!

How does you company deal with excess materials? Maybe it’s time to talk about it.

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A Circular Supply Chain: Better for Your Business and Our Planet

MOQller just had an article titled, “A Circular Supply Chain: Better for Your Business and Our Planet” published at EMS Now, a news source for the electronics manufacturing services industry. Here’s a snippet from the article. Enjoy!

To be competitive, businesses aim to be more agile and efficient, limit loss, and eliminate e-waste. But how do they get there? The answer may lie in shifting away from outmoded processes that result in wasted time and inventory. Operating with a leaner supply chain model is more cost-effective for the EMS and sustainable for the environment. But achieving it requires an innovative solution to the plague of excess inventory — specifically, a circular supply chain.

With a circular supply chain, businesses reallocate useful new inventory for a productive purpose, breaking the traditional model of “take, make, and throw away the excess.”

Causes and Consequences of Excess Inventory

Ideally, your business would get exactly what it needs to meet production goals, with no shortage or waste. Unfortunately, a number of factors result in surplus parts. One is that suppliers often demand substantial lead times, typically measured in months. Sometimes market needs change, and the forecasts based on past performance prove inaccurate (e.g. Apple iPhone production forecasts cut by 50% last year). Even if your business can accurately estimate exactly how many pieces it requires, it often is forced to order far more than it will use because of the supplier mandated MOQ (minimum order quantity).

circular supply chain warehouse
circular supply chain warehouse

The resulting excess inventory is a drain on your resources, tying up finances, storage space, and manpower. Also, the longer you keep the unused supply, the more likely it is to depreciate in value or even become altogether unsellable. At that stage, it becomes known as E&O (excess & obsolete). Gregory Tashjian, Managing Partner, Inventory Management Partners, LLC, observed here that “between 5 percent and 20 percent of electronic components end up in the E&O category.”

That amounts to significant losses, because businesses typically recoup only up to 5 percent of their purchase price when reselling E&O components. Sometimes, they are not sold as whole components but broken down to salvage any remaining scrap value. However, as The Global E-waste Monitor 2017 points out, it is unusual to recover all of the value of these metals, because they are “easily lost due to imperfect separation and treatment processes.”

A more serious problem is that the excess electronics and their component parts end up as e-waste in landfills, posing a serious threat to the planet. We’re now on a course to hit “52.2 million metric tonnes, or 6.8 kg/inh, by 2021” (Global E-waste Monitor 2017). According to a report published by the World Economic Forum, if e-waste is not curbed, it will reach “120 million tonnes annually” by 2050. Only 20 percent of that is likely to be safely recycled, as most recycling processes fall short of environmental standards.

To learn more about the potential in digitally-enabled supply chains, visit MOQller Circular Supply Chain

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Businesses that adopt the new solutions enabled by digital transformation will have a game-changing competitive advantage over those that remain stuck in the old model of a linear supply chain. With the help of digital technology, those with excess inventory due to the suppliers’ MOQ can now list the surplus for sale early in the procurement process, maximizing agility and responsiveness, preserving inventory value, and eliminating e-waste and warehousing costs. That’s a major benefit both for businesses and the planet.

Read the complete article: A Circular Supply Chain: Better for Your Business and Our Planet Article at EMS Now

Download the complete article:A Circular Supply Chain Better for Your Business and Our Planet

MOQller Circular Supply Flow
MOQller Circular Supply Flow